Site Investigation

Site investigation is the method by which information is collected and used to undertake interpretative assessments in support of the assessment, management, development, acquisition or divestiture of land and property.  It comprises the assessment of subsurface and/or surface conditions at a site, and may extend to not only underlying soils and rocks, but also the groundwater regime, any contamination and the effects of previous uses of the site and its environs.  Site investigations may be commissioned or required by site operators, investors, planning authorities and other regulators.

What is the benefit?

Accurate site investigations provide the basis for understanding and quantifying the potential liabilities associated with any site, and also the potential constraints on its use or development.  This applies to developers of brownfield sites and those operating or purchasing commercial and industrial facilities who encounter unexpected environmental conditions or structural issues.  Efficient design and implementation of the ground investigation is essential to ensure accurate and effective sampling of soils, groundwater and ground gases.  The findings of the ground investigation form the foundations for any subsequent due diligence evaluation, contaminated land risk assessment, geotechnical design or remedial strategy.

Why CRA?

Ground investigation and, where necessary, remediation, is a core element of CRA’s services.  CRA has an impressive track record in contaminated land investigation and development of innovative and effective remediation solutions. Our investigation design not only focuses on the requirement to obtain the necessary information, but also selects the most cost effective method of obtaining appropriate samples whilst minimising disruption to our clients’ activities on site.


When undertaking ground investigations, the subsurface conditions can vary from the expected.  CRA prides itself on communicating variations quickly and efficiently and adapting our designs to reflect changes in scope and encountered conditions.

CRA’s site investigation services include:

  • Phase 1 desk study, due diligence;
  • Phase 2 intrusive investigation (trial pitting, dynamic percussive sampling, rotary and sonic drilling, etc);
  • Soil, sediment, ground gas, surface and groundwater sampling and analysis;
  • Waste classification;
  • Human health risk assessment;
  • Groundwater risk assessment;
  • Ground gas risk assessment;
  • Mine working investigations and grouting works; and
  • Regulatory liaison.

Click here to visit our Remediation service page.

For additional information on how CRA could help you, please contact Nicole Gilmore on ngilmore@cra.co.uk or 0115 965 6700.